Verb Tenses Overview
1.
Present Simple
Structure:
- Affirmative: Subject + Verb
(base form) / Verb + 's' (for he/she/it)
- Example: She works at a
bank.
- Negative: Subject + Do/Does +
not + Verb (base form)
- Example: He does not like
coffee.
- Interrogative: Do/Does +
Subject + Verb (base form)?
- Example: Do you speak
English?
Usage:
- General truths (Water boils
at 100°C.)
- Habits and routines (I go to
the gym every day.)
- Scheduled events (The train
leaves at 7 PM.)
- Instructions or directions (First,
you mix the ingredients.)
- Fixed arrangements (My
flight departs at noon.)
2.
Present Continuous
Structure:
- Affirmative: Subject +
Am/Is/Are + Verb (-ing)
- Example: She is reading a
book.
- Negative: Subject + Am/Is/Are +
not + Verb (-ing)
- Example: They are not
watching TV.
- Interrogative: Am/Is/Are +
Subject + Verb (-ing)?
- Example: Are you studying?
Usage:
- Actions happening now (I am
talking to you right now.)
- Temporary actions (She is
staying with her friend this week.)
- Future planned actions (We
are meeting them tomorrow.)
- Changes happening around now (More
people are using electric cars.)
- Repeated actions with
irritation (She is always complaining!)
3.
Past Simple
Structure:
- Affirmative: Subject + Verb
(past form)
- Example: He visited Paris
last year.
- Negative: Subject + Did not +
Verb (base form)
- Example: She did not go to
the party.
- Interrogative: Did + Subject +
Verb (base form)?
- Example: Did you see the
movie?
Usage:
- Completed past actions (I
watched a movie yesterday.)
- Past habits (She always
walked to school.)
- Specific past time (They
moved here in 2010.)
- Series of completed actions (She
woke up, brushed her teeth, and left for work.)
4.
Past Continuous
Structure:
- Affirmative: Subject + Was/Were
+ Verb (-ing)
- Example: She was cooking
when I arrived.
- Negative: Subject + Was/Were +
not + Verb (-ing)
- Example: They were not
sleeping.
- Interrogative: Was/Were +
Subject + Verb (-ing)?
- Example: Were you listening
to music?
Usage:
- Ongoing actions in the past (I
was reading when the phone rang.)
- Two simultaneous past actions (She
was singing while he was playing the guitar.)
- Background description (The
sun was shining, and the birds were singing.)
- Polite inquiries (I was
wondering if you could help me.)
5.
Future Simple
Structure:
- Affirmative: Subject + Will +
Verb (base form)
- Example: She will travel
next month.
- Negative: Subject + Will not
(won't) + Verb (base form)
- Example: I won’t be late.
- Interrogative: Will + Subject +
Verb (base form)?
- Example: Will you help me?
Usage:
- Predictions (It will rain
tomorrow.)
- Spontaneous decisions (I
will call her now.)
- Promises (I will help you
with your homework.)
- Future facts (The sun will
rise at 6 AM tomorrow.)
- Offers and requests (I will
help you carry that.)
6.
Future Continuous
Structure:
- Affirmative: Subject + Will be
+ Verb (-ing)
- Example: She will be
studying at 8 PM.
- Negative: Subject + Will not be
+ Verb (-ing)
- Example: He won’t be
working tomorrow.
- Interrogative: Will + Subject +
be + Verb (-ing)?
- Example: Will they be
traveling next week?
Usage:
- Ongoing future actions (This
time tomorrow, I will be flying to New York.)
- Events happening at a specific
time in the future (She will be waiting for us at the station.)
- Predictions of continuous
activity (He will be working all night.)
- Emphasizing the duration of an
action (By this time next year, I will be studying abroad.)
- Asking about someone's plans
politely (Will you be using the car tonight?)
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